Water pollution- a key to wastewater management Essay

Water pollution- a key to wastewater management - Essay Example Water can be referred as the lifeblood of socio-economic development of a nation. In recent years, climate change has displaced other environmental issues to become the world's number one problem.But the alarming water scarcity is an issue as important and even more immediate threat. The Earth, with its abundant and diverse life forms, including more than six billion human beings, at the 21st century is confronting a severe water crisis. A decade ago it was announced that by 2025 one third of the world population suffer this shortage, but that threshold has already been reached. Two billion people suffer from this problem and by 2025, that calculation could be double (more than four billion, taking into account the increase of the world population), unless there are changes in the trends of today. Demand for water is increasing rapidly, but its supply is limited, decreases and is affected by the deterioration of watersheds due to deforestation and erosion (Johnson, Revenga and Echeve rria 1071). The underground fluid extraction has caused declines in groundwater levels in India, China, Russia, the United States and Western Asia. The global population explosion, breathless advancement on the scientific front, the surge in standard of living of man, and his ingenuity in abusing scientific knowledge, all have placed accumulative demands on natural resources of water. Overlying on this is the water pollution problem which deeply affects the utility of available supplies (Stander 774). The water supply specifically comprises of that found in lakes, underground reservoirs, along with that is brought from afar by pipelines and canals. Some of it evaporates, some is utilized for farming and some passes to the ground. The remainder referred as run-off is liberated into surface streams and runs into the ocean. As suggested by Packman, â€Å"Of the 30 inches of average annual precipitation in the United States, about 8.5 inches, or 1.2 trillion gallons a day, is run-offâ € . This research attempts to explore the answers to the question that is since water scarcity is growing day by day, being an important cause of the issue, can improvement in wastewater management help in solving the problem? The main argument for the research could be that the waste water management can be improved while the other side focuses on the increasing industrialization which hinders the efficiency of wastewater management. So in order to investigate the answer to my research question, various sources are rhetorically analyzed and various views on the topic are generated. â€Å"Global Water Shortage: Will the Earth run out of fresh water?† This is a research paper written by Mary H. Cooper and serves as a comprehensive source for acknowledging the issue of water shortage worldwide. The article introduces the topic as a controversy that revolves around the most essential commodity for life i.e. water. The author thoroughly analyzed the issue and proposed that the re are several causes of water shortage, including the population growth, mismanagement of water resources as well as pollution. The author persuasively conveys that the in order to address the water shortage issue, there are less number of pragmatic technological solutions are available. So the ways suggested by the author to cut down demand include the conservation measures and letting consumers pay off the actual cost of the water utilized by them. According to author, water mismanagement has turned a large proportion of the fresh water of the world into a leading infectious disease source. And the sewage and the waste water treatment are referred as the main culprit. Although the source does not provide a single solution, but the pros and cons of the water management are provided (Cooper). â€Å"Water for the Future† This topic refers to a report by M. Packman. In the given report, the author had explored the various water resources available to the world along with the

Computer Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Computer Science - Essay Example The methods for doing the same are described as below. Textual information like a file or a document comprises of a collection of numbers, characters and special characters for example punctuation marks and symbols. A computer uses the following procedures for the conversion of Text to binary Decimal numbers are the numbers whose base is 10 i.e. it uses ten digits (0 to 9) to represent the values, while binary is the number system whose base is two, it uses 0's and 1's to represent the numbers. Each binary bit has a position assigned to it. The zeroeth position is assigned to the least significant position on the right most side. The 0 or 1 at the respective position is then multiplied by the corresponding power of two to obtain its decimal equivalent i.e. A digit at Kth position is multiplied by 2 ^(k-1). For example Real numbers may be put into binary scientific notation: a x 2^b .The number to the right of decimal part must be multiplied by negative powers two of the corresponding position .The number to the left hand side must be multiplied by the positive powers of two. Mantissa and exponent are then stored .For example Each and every character, symbol or punctuation mark is mapped to a corresponding decimal number .For example letter K is mapped to number 75, the number is then encoded by using ASCII code to a string of Binary numbers. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is an 8-bit code, which contains in all 128 characters (uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation, symbols, and some non-printing characters such as the blank space). For example, the code for "I am" would be: 73 - 01001001 - code for I 32 - 00100000 - code for space 97 - 01100001 - code for a 109 - 01101101 - code for m 46 - 00101110 - code for period REPRESENTATION OF IMAGE: To store an image, like a photograph, in binary form, a computer superimposes a grid on that photograph. Each pixel or grid contains one "dot" of color. In order to store data for that pixel in memory; the information about that pixel's color must somehow be converted to a binary number. There are various ways to do this which serve to map a pixel to binary numbers. Different ways or methods associate different number of bits with each pixel. There are two main formats in which images are stored in the computer - bitmap (or raster) and vector. In vector representation, all components of the image are stored using mathematical formulas. In a bitmap image, the image is stored in memory by recording some piece of binary data corresponding to each pixel of the image. The number of bits used to store each pixel affects both the image quality and the amount of memory that will be needed to store the image. There are various scales for coding the colors, one being grayscale in which 1 repre sents black and 0 represents white. Each pixel in a grayscale image can be stored using 1 byte (8 bits). To represent colored images 16-color, 256 color, and RGB color (or true color) color codes are used. Each of the different code requires different